Change Blindness a Literature Review on Attention

Change Blindness: A Literature Review on Attention When going about our daily lives, just how much are we missing of the things around us? Visual attention has fascinated psychologists and now research is being carried out to distinguish to what extent, our attention or the absence of it, can affect our day-to-day lives. Change blindness is something we all experience at some point, some more than others. By definition it refers to the failure a person has to notice a change that would otherwise seem obvious when pointed out. (Watson, Leekam, Connolly, Collis, Findlay, McConachie amp; Rodgers, 2012). Researchers believe there are a few different causes for this such as altered position, eye movements, a visual obstruction or in the†¦show more content†¦Change detection has also been used to investigate the ways in which people with atypical development such as autism have any particular attentional preferences. (Watson et al. 2012). Usually the images shown to the viewer are a real life scene or location where a change occu rs. These changes are made so that they are neither too subtle nor too obvious to the participant. Changes in the images presented can include colour, location or the presence or absence of a particular object. (Watson et al. 2012). It is predicted that the participants would be able to pick up on the change that is taking place as visual transients generally capture attention. (Cavanaugh amp; Wurtz, 2004). It is largely thought that when viewing a display, focussed attention on a specific object is required in order to detect a change. (Rensink et al. 1997). O’Regan, Deubel, Clark amp; Rensink highlight that internal representation of the visual field only contains the particular aspects that have been attended to in a scene. (2000). We can relate this back to the example used previously by Caplovitz, Fendrich amp; Hughes where we can only be reassured that our keys are not in one place by focussing our attention on that spot. Until then we are unsure of where exactly our keys might be and cannot rule out the possibility that we left them on the sofa. This is due to the fact that when visually processing a particular scene, weShow MoreRelatedChange Blindness: a Literature Review on Attention1674 Words   |  7 PagesChange Blindness: A Literature Review on Attention When going about our daily lives, just how much are we missing of the things around us? Visual attention has fascinated psychologists and now research is being carried out to distinguish to what extent, our attention or the absence of it, can affect our day-to-day lives. Change blindness is something we all experience at some point, some more than others. By definition it refers to the failure a person has to notice a change that would otherwiseRead MoreChange Blindness And Its Effects On Blindness1852 Words   |  8 Pagesto explain why change blindness occurs and in what situations is change blindness more likely to occur. Literature on change blindness is quite extensive, as it is an emerging area in psychology. A number of researchers have conducted experiments into the key areas where change blindness has been found to cause consequential outcomes. These areas include the effects of change blindness on eye witness testimonies, driving ability, and effects on autism. Literature on change blindness places an emphasisRead MoreChange Blindness And The Field Of Human Sensation And Perception1926 Words   |  8 Pages Change blindness is a phenomenon in attention where drastic changes to a scene can go unnoticed. This is important to the field of Human Sensation and Perception because it helps illustrate how a visual scene is processed. Specifically it shows how even if there is direct attention to a scene, there are times when drastic changes can occur without perception of the change occurring. With extensive research already conducted illustrating this effect, new research has recently been conducted studyingRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Diabetic Screening Tests1312 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In 2012, 29.1 million Americans, or 9.3% of the United States population, had diabetes. Nearly 28% of those with diabetes were undiagnosed (â€Å"Statistics about diabetes†, 2014). Diabetes remains one of the leading causes of death, but minimal attention has been given to the screening opportunities that exist in acute-care settings for undiagnosed patients. This has been largely due to the misconception that hyperglycemia in the acute setting is a common occurrence related to stress and does notRead MoreAnalysis Of There s More Than Meets The Eye 2389 Words   |  10 Pagesdeemed as invalids or sullen characters that live unfulfilling lives. However, to the contrary, the blind are able to live fulfilling lives that contribute happiness to themselves and to others. Even though it may seem as a lifelong disability, blindness should not be an excuse to avoid living life to the fullest. Achieving personal goals, reaching important milestones, and living as positively as possib le, are the most important factors and values that the blind abide by. Maintaining friendshipsRead MoreUnderstanding Disability Stereotyping And Popular Misconceptions About Disability1865 Words   |  8 Pageseffect on their ability to perform normal day-to-day activities. Disability can be classified into two types:- Physical impairment and Mental impairments’. Physical impairments include anything from loss of a limb, sensory impairment(paralysis), blindness, deafness and generally everything that alters physical appearance and performance of an individual. Mental impairments include learning disabilities such as Down syndrome, Developmental disorders such as Autism, Asperger, Dyslexia, and DyspraxiaRead MoreThe Role Of Eyewitness Testimonies On The Criminal Justice System2734 Words   |  11 Pagessometimes regarded as lacking in external validity. These include: weapon focus, stress, errors in police investigations and lineups. Other issues also include change blindness, and unconscious transference/mistaken bystander effect. Weapon focus can be a problem, which is defined by Wells, Memon and Penrod (2006) as, â€Å"the visual attention eyewitnesses give to a perpetrator’s weapon during the course of a crime†¦the focus will reduce his or her ability to later recall details about the perpetratorRead MoreA Reflection On The Self Esteem1950 Words   |  8 Pagesself-esteem is overbearingly culturally relative. 2.7 Information processing A direct correlate of visual perception- attention to visual information- varies across cultures. Studies reveal that Americans attend to predominantly central focal objects (Ji, Peng and Nisbett, 2000; Nisbett and Masuda, 2003); that is to say, visual information is processed in a field-independent way, paying less attention to an objects environment. Chinese participants make more rapid-eye movements to the background of an imageRead MoreUse Of Visual Perception Processing Essay2218 Words   |  9 Pageslexical problems in the school setting, spot change differences and change detection abilities in relation to visual perception. Though the â€Å"spot the difference† task is a great study to look at in relation to visual perception, very little research has been done on the task and its relation to vision. Similar to the current study, researchers (Reis, Fallon, and Waite) conducted an experiment to examine gender bias in a gender-specific change blindness task. Male and female participants were givenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )3084 Words   |  13 PagesAbstract This proposal explores the current research and literature on college students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). Findings suggest that college students with ADHD/ADD experience academic and psychological difficulties that put them at a greater risk for earning low grade point averages, being on academic probation, and not graduating from college. These research findings serve as a rationale for implementing a structured skills development’

Autonomy Means Behaving And Thinking Independently Of Others

Autonomy means behaving and thinking independently of others (Woo, 2014). As per Oxford dictionary (2014), autonomy is â€Å"the right or condition of self-government†; â€Å"Independence†; â€Å"Freedom from external control† and as per Webster dictionary, autonomy is â€Å"the state of acting separately from others†; â€Å"the state of being self-governing†. So, autonomous people are considered as self-directed, self-controlled and having the capacity to choose their own destiny. In the childhood context, autonomy means independence and exploration that make ready a child to say let me do it. Freedom helps them in building their confidence, increasing ability to do work and learning the value of responsibility of completing the task. Consequently, it is very essential for a child to be independent. However, children get autonomy gradually over the course of development. They start to develop it by experiencing and exploring their internal and ext ernal environment and then by doing things themselves. Mostly people think that children don t have the capacity to govern by own that is why they need interference of adults in terms of protection and proper guidance (Dore, 2014). Moreover, complete freedom is not good for them because it is impractical. Now the question arises that how much freedom should be given to children and how much inference of adults should be involved in early childhood education. So, this essay will discuss the sense of autonomy required for children to grow as exploredShow MoreRelated The Importance of Creativity for Organizations Essay2374 Words   |  10 Pagesdirect link between creativity and important organizational outcomes such as productivity and quality; because creative thinking increases the quality of solutions to organizational problems, helps to stimulate profitable innovations, revitalizes motivation, upgrades personal skills and catalyzes effective team performance. Therefore organiza tions must motivate creative thinking because it is obvious that the success of businesses in the rapidly changing future will be determined by their abilityRead MoreRobot Ethics and Ethical Issues5299 Words   |  22 PagesROBOT ETHICS AND ETHICAL ISSUES ABSTRACT Robot ethics is a branch of applied ethics which endeavours to isolate and analyse ethical issues arising in connection with present and prospective uses of robots. These issues span human autonomy protection and promotion, moral responsibility and liability, privacy, fair access to technological resources, social and cultural discrimination, in addition to the ethical dimensions of personhood. INTRODUCTION Robots are machines endowed with sensing, informationRead MoreThe Relationship Between Academic Performance Of Sports And Non-Student Athletes4602 Words   |  19 Pagestimeless issue. Educators search endlessly to make those connections and find correlations between certain students and what makes some perform exceptionally better academically than others. Within the same cohort of students, how can one group seemingly elevate themselves to higher levels of academic success than others? Why do extracurricular activities such as athletics tend to have major influence, either positive or negative, on overall student academic success? This is evident in many studiesRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology14082 Words   |  57 Pagessocial group) is transmitted to the next generation. According to Vygotsky, social interaction (especially co-operative dialogues between children and more knowledgeable members of society) is necessary for children to acquire the ways of thinking and behavi ng that make up a community’s culture. Information processing views the mind as a complex symbol manipulation system, much like a computer. This approach helps researchers understand exactly what children of different ages do when faced withRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology14091 Words   |  57 Pagessocial group) is transmitted to the next generation. According to Vygotsky, social interaction (especially co-operative dialogues between children and more knowledgeable members of society) is necessary for children to acquire the ways of thinking and behaving that make up a community’s culture. Information processing views the mind as a complex symbol manipulation system, much like a computer. This approach helps researchers understand exactly what children of different ages do when faced withRead MoreAssignment 1 – Understanding Development and Supporting Equality, Diversity and Inclusion9386 Words   |  38 Pageswithout walks with aid plays games in imitation of adult, like ball rolling, reaches, grasps, puts object in mouth picks things up with pincer grasp (thumb and one finger) transfers object from one hand to the other drops and picks up objects Between one and two âÅ"“ walks alone âÅ"“ walks backwards âÅ"“ picks up toys from floor without falling âÅ"“ pulls toys, pushes toys âÅ"“ seats self in child size chair âÅ"“ walks up and down stairsRead MoreEducation And Vocational Achievements Of A School Cohort3443 Words   |  14 Pagesachievements. While educational achievement has been examined in schools and tertiary settings, it is not always the case that the original educational and vocational achievements of a school cohort have been followed because there are certainly many other factors that affect people’s result of achievement. According to Holland (1997, p.13), there are many characteristics of a person and an environment that influence educational and vocational development such as the age, gender, ethnicity, geographyRead MoreOrganization Management Theories4577 Words   |  19 Pagestheir interrelationship with the environment in which they operate. It complements the studies of leadership, organizational behavior, management, industrial and organizational psychology, organization development and human resource studies among many other fields and professions. CLASSICAL MANAGEMENT THEORIES (1900 - 1920) Classical Management Theory was introduced in the late 19th century during the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution was a time when innovation really began to changeRead MoreBa323 Exam Essay6817 Words   |  28 Pagesculture. An individual may respond to the socialization in three basic ways. At one extreme, an individual may conform to all the norms of the organization, resulting in uniformity of behavior and complete acceptance of organization values. At the other extreme, an individual may rebel, reject all values, or leave the organization altogether. Another alternative between the two previous extremes is for an individual to accept the pivotal norms and seriously question the peripheral norms, which isRead MoreJuvenile Justice And The Juvenile System4789 Words   |  20 PagesJuvenile Justice Consultant When thinking of reforming the juvenile justice system one has to think; what can we do to make this better for everyone involve? There are some programs that can be implemented when trying to make a change in the juvenile system. The main thing is getting parents or the guardian more involved in the child’s whereabouts. Secondly the community where the youth will have a place to go and have something more constructive to do to keep them out of trouble. Law enforcement

Marriage and Families Free Essays

Introduction Families are central institutions in our society. They are commissioned with the pivotal tasks of children upbringing and providing continuing intimacy and companionship to members. Traditionally, a family consists of persons related by blood, marriage or adoption. We will write a custom essay sample on Marriage and Families or any similar topic only for you Order Now Other definitions of a family have specified a common household, economic independency, and sexual and reproductive relations (Lamanna and Riedmann, 2005) Sociologists continue to recognize the family important responsibility in performing necessary social roles such as child rearing, economic support and domestic maintenance. As families are becoming less traditional, the legal definition of a family has become more flexible.   Traditional or modern families have one mission in that they all create a place to belong in at least two ways. They create boundaries, and they serve as a repository or archive of family memories and traditions. Marriage which is a formal agreement between two people is the initial stage of forming a family. Our discussion will answer the basic questions on the legal bindings in marriages and outline factors that may affect marital stability. Primary provisions of a prenuptial agreement and personal contract Back in history husbands and wives were prohibited from making any contract between themselves. Still on the same period prenuptial agreements particular those meant to provide property rights following a divorce were prohibited. It was thought that these agreements would encourage divorce. In the recent times this laws have gradually changed to permit husbands and wives to make contracts with each other by which they agree about what assets would be held separately by either of them during the marriage. (Weisman, 2003) In many states, prenuptial agreements and personal contracts are highly encouraged. They preserve assets for children in case there is a divorce or the parents die. Weisman, (2003) comments that for a prenuptial agreement to be enforced, both people in the relationship must clearly disclose all the assets they have. Any agreement based on fraud will however not be recognized (pg, 7). The two parties are advised to have a lawyer for representation to ensure that the signing of the agreement is fair and reasonable. In America most states follow the uniform provisions act on prenuptial agreement. The act provides matters that are subject to a prenuptial agreement. (Weisman, 2003). They include; the right and obligation to make a contract in regard to property; the modification or elimination of spousal support; ownership rights and disposition of death benefits from a life insurance policy; The disposition of property upon separation; a break up of marriage, death or the occurrence or any other event and lastly the making of a will, trust or other arrangement. The above provisions for making of a personal contract are important because without such provisions in a prenuptial agreement, may result to fraudulent claims. In the United States people who are old or senior citizens use prenuptial agreement to protect their assets and their children from previous marriages in the event that a spouse goes into a nursing home and Medicaid cover is sought. (pg, 8) Factor affecting marital stability An analysis carried out by (Veroff and Shirley, 2002) describes these factors more schematically according to the process and number of years the couple has been into marriage. The first analysis is based on the factors that occur before getting married and starting a family. This factors are called pre-marriage factors and includes; social status of spouses, pre-marital connections of the couple and family background of the spouses. The pre-marriage factors studied under social status include; father and mother education, owns education, personal income, poverty ratio, race and educational attainment. Under the family background we have; number of siblings, broken home background and presence of older siblings The second category discusses personal factors at the time of marriage. They are the characteristics comprising each spouse and their personality. They are; ambitiousness, cooperativeness, orientation of power and Neuroticism. The third analysis is based on interpersonal factors which describe how each individual relates with other people, and how he or she views others. They include; interpersonal perceptions, perceived interacting attitude in compatibility, and actual interactions. There are other factors that people face when they interact with others and they form our fourth category. These factors are referred to as external factors. Stress is one of the factors. Stress is an emotionally disruptive or unsettling gap that may exist between how we would like our life to be and how it actually is. Another external factor is network support which describes how well the family is connected with the outside world. The amount of support they receive from other families and friends. The final factor is the qualitative sense that the couple makes of their life together. These are the integrative feelings which can be both specific and general. Feelings in one year of set the stage for the marital factors in the next year which in turn affect the feelings in that year and so on. These feelings include marital happiness, marital competence, marital control, marital tension and marital equity. This are measured separately for each spouse. (Veroff and Shirley, 2002.pp 5-6) The above factors underline the stability or instability of a marriage. Forms of Marital Disruption Marital problems are risk factors in a family environment where children are brought up. Marital conflicts that lead to divorce are the most detrimental towards children welfare. Marital disruptions according to (Richardson and Carol, 2002) are after associated with a change in economic circumstances and adjustments to altered linking conditions (pg, 1907). When parents are stressed they affect their parenting practices. A part form divorce parents may disagree but yet remain together. These parents have persistent conflicts that do not end. The end result of such conflicts is that they affect children’s behavior and lower their self esteem. Marital violence is part of marital disruption and involves physical aggression. This form is more upsetting to children than other forms of marital disruption. When children are exposed to marital violence they tend to imitate this in their relationships with others and display violent behavior towards teachers, peers and family members. (Richardson and Carol, 2002) also suggest that where children are exposed to negative emotions, their safely and security may be threatened and therefore they express anger towards their parents. Marital Abuse also results when parents are use violence against each other in marriages. Parents who have no respect for their children and end up abusing them either physically or sexually. Abuse falls under the marital violence Marital disruption may occur as a result of death of one person in a relationship. The irreversible loss of a close companion begins a process of grief and extended transition for the surviving spouse. There is an increased risk for emotional disturbance to bereaved individuals compared to their non-bereaved community counterparts. These effects may persist for second years or more for a significant number of individuals. Epidemiological data has demonstrated that, there is a strong association between marital disruption and poorer health. This is because of the physiological suffering that the bereaved face, especially when their loved ones depart. Conclusion The family, functions to fulfill six basic human needs; socialization of children, economic production, welfare for the sick and the elderly, recreation and emotional attachment, sexual relationship regulation and reproduction. Through the ages marriages and family has been used to establish basic patterns of inheritance, authority, lines of descents and mate selections. These are some of the commonly accepted descriptions and functions of a family. The changing face of families structure has been as a result of certain factors which includes; the higher   expectations for marriage, higher divorce and remarriage rates, expenses on personal fulfillment avoiding economic concerns and increased single parent families. The primary provisions of a prenuptial agreement are important in a family setting whether the couple trust or mistrust each other. Marital stability and instability is part of normal experiences in marriage and family and the factors discussed in the document contribute negatively or positively towards the family. The various forms of marital disruptions described in this text include; death, separation or divorce. Strong marriages are therefore needed for families to be effective. References Lamanna, M.A and Riedmann, A.2005.Marriages Families: Making Choices in a Diverse, Thomson Wadsworth publishers   Richardson, J., Carol, J.2002.Parent Training Program’s for the Management of children, Psych Publications Veroff, J. and Shirley, H.2002.Marital Instability: A Social and Behavioral Study of the Early Years, Greenwood Publishing Weisman, S.2003.A Guide to Elder Planning: Everything You Need to Know to Protect Yourself, FT Press How to cite Marriage and Families, Essay examples

Could World War II in Europe Have Been Avoided Essay Example For Students

Could World War II in Europe Have Been Avoided? Essay East Spring Secondary School| History Project | Could World War II in Europe be Avoided? | Amirul Maricar (32) 3E2 | From the first day that he seized power, January 30, 1933, Hitler knew that only sudden death awaited him if he failed to restore pride and empire to post-Versailles Germany. His close friend and adjutant Julius Schaub recorded Hitlers jubilant boast to his staff on that evening, as the last celebrating guests left the Berlin Chancellery building: No power on earth will get me out of this building alive! David Irving, Hitlers War: An introduction to the new edition (1989). World War II in Europe could have been avoided. Why? How? Before all that we must go back and first look at the causes of World War II. Historians have suggested many reasons why World War II broke out in 1939. However, have you realized that the World War II was the culmination of the inter-war period. The five most important causes, therefore, were: Treaty of Versailles solved nothing It is often claimed that the Treaty of Versailles was a failure. And even many historians say that the Treaty angered the Germans, and did not even satisfy the Big Three. Reparations left many people in the victorious nations feeling guilty. The loss of all that land to other countries simply made Hitlers early aggression look justified. Self-determination surrounded Germany by a lot of small nation states that fell easy prey to Germany. But, most of all, the Treaty made the Germans angry, just waiting their chance for revenge. League of Nations failed to keep the peace It was weak from the beginning, and had spectacular failures in Manchuria and Abyssinia, and in making Hitler keeps the Treaty of Versailles. It failed to achieve disarmament. Countries left the failing League, and realized that they would have to fight a war. Appeasement Appeasement means giving in to a bully. Nowadays, many people criticize Chamberlain for appeasing Hitler. There were many reasons why Britain appeased Hitler in the 1930s. Historians have ascribed every possible motive to Chamberlain sheer abject cowardice, that he was duped by Hitler, that it was a noble attempt to prevent bloodshed, that he was buying time for Britain to re-arm and many others! Appeasement encouraged war. It made Hitler think no one dare stop him, which encouraged him to go further and further until in the end he went too far. The Sudetenland led Stalin to make the Nazi-Soviet Pact, because he believed he could not trust Britain. Hitler Many historians – and Hitler himself – claimed that he wanted to reverse the Treaty of Versailles My foreign policy was to abolish the Treaty of Versailles. It is futile nonsense for the rest of the world to pretend today that I did not reveal this program until 1933 or 1935 or 1937. Instead of listening to foolish chatter, these gentlemen would have been wiser to read what I have written thousands of times. Hitler, talking on 15 March 1939. But, many historians still think that the Second World War was Hitlers personal war, and that he always intended to fight a war as a re-run of a First World War he did not believe that German had lost fairly. This drawing by the British Cartoonist David Low (20 March 1935) is titled Cause comes before effect. The cartoon shows Hitlers armies marching past him but at the front are politicians such as Chamberlain, Clemenceau, Laval and Mussolini, and they are saluting Hitler too. They have rolled up the Versailles Treaty and carry a flag saying 10 years of lost opportunity. The message of the cartoon is that Hitler may be bringing war, but it is the politicians of France, Britain and Italy who are to blame for letting him. There has been much debate amongst historians about Hitlers aims: * | * Some historians argue he had no aims at all, making up his policies as he went along, responding to situations when they arose. | * Some historians argue that Hitler wanted a Greater Germany (the invasions of Austria and the Sudetenland were claimed by Hitler to be the regaining of Germans for Germany) – but others have pointed out that ‘the move into the rest of Czechoslovakia showed that Hitler wanted more than just German land’. – yet he left Germanys new western frontiers with France and Belgium intact. | Putting that all aside could War in Europe be avoided? I still think so. There a many ways the war could have been avoided. But i think that they can be boiled down to three main ones Treaty of Versailles .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d , .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d .postImageUrl , .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d , .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d:hover , .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d:visited , .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d:active { border:0!important; } .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d:active , .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u46f49bac58ce94d33b84f84c0bec146d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Performing and Visual Arts Essay PaperThe treaty that ended WWI was very harsh on the Germans. It blamed Germany for the entire war (even though it was the Austrians fault) and punished them. We have France to blame for this unfair treaty. If the Treaty of Versailles had not been so harsh, Hitler may never have been able to rise to power in the same way that he did. League of Nations This is a controversial issue. If the United States had joined the League of Nations, it would have been undoubtedly a lot stronger. But could it have been effective? I do not think there is any way to know for sure. But it wouldn’t have done any harm. Appeasement The European nations (particularly Great Britain under Chamberlain) let Hitler conquer whatever he wanted and made little effort to stop him at all. When Hitler found out that he could have basically any eastern European nation he wanted, he did not hesitate at all. The best example of appeasement was at the Munich Conference when Hitler promised not to invade Czechoslovakia but he did anyway. When Hitler invaded Poland, which was the last straw. Unfortunately, it was too late. In conclusion, To stop World War II, all the allies needed to do was to stand up to Hitler and say no. If they had stopped the re-occupation of the Rhineland, or the Anschluss of Austria, or the Sudetenland crises, the German generals would have deposed of Hitler. If the allies had objected strongly enough with the threat of military action against the trashing of the Versailles treaty, Hitler would have been stopped. Any of these actions would have led to the probable loss of face by Hitler and possibly see him ousted by the generals. This would have led to a potential coup and a Germany led by the military, which may still have involved World War II happening. The root causes for World War II lay way back in World War I and the Versailles treaty. If this treaty had been not so harsh, or if the allies had indeed wanted to help Germany instead of blaming her, then the underlying causes for World War II might have been avoided. Resources http://wiki. answers. com/Q/How_could_World_War_2_have_been_prevented http://www. johndclare. net/RoadtoWWII7a. htm http://www. 4forums. com/political/history-debates/133-how-could-wwii-have-been-prevented. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II

Eleanor Roosevelt Essays - Livingston Family, Delano Family

Eleanor Roosevelt The Contributions of Eleanor Roosevelt Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was born in New York City on October 11, 1884. She was one of America's great reforming leaders who had a sustained impact on national policy toward youth, blacks, women, the poor, and the United Nations. As the wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, she was one of the most active First Ladies as well as an important public personality in her own right. When Eleanor Roosevelt traveled to New York City a week after her husband's funeral in April 1945, a host of reporters were waiting at the door of her Washington Square apartment. The story is over, she said simply, assuming that her words and opinions would no longer be of interest once her husband was dead and she was no longer First Lady. She could not have been more mistaken. As the years passed, Eleanor Roosevelt's influence and stature continued to grow. Today, she remains a powerful inspiration to leaders in both the civil rights and women's movements. Eleanor shattered the ceremonial mold in which the role of the First Lady had traditionally been fashioned, and reshaped it around her own skills and her deep commitment to social reform. She gave a voice to people who did not have access to power. She was the first woman to speak in front of a national convention, to write a syndicated column, to earn money as a lecturer, to be a radio commentator and to hold regular press conferences. The path to this unique position of power had not been easy. The only daughter of an alcoholic father and a beautiful but aloof mother who was openly disappointed by Eleanor's lack of a pretty face, Eleanor was plagued by insecurity and shyness. An early marriage to her handsome fifth cousin, Franklin Roosevelt, increased her insecurity and took away her one source of confidence: her work in a New York City settlement house. For 10 years, I was always just getting over having a baby or about to have another one, she later lamented, so my occupations were considerably restricted. But 13 years after her marriage, and after bearing six children, Eleanor resumed the search for her identity. The voyage began with a shock: the discovery in 1918 of love letters revealing that Franklin was involved with Lucy Mercer. The bottom dropped out of my own particular world, she later said. I faced myself, my surroundings, my world, honestly for the first time. There was talk of divorce, but when Franklin promised never to see Lucy again, the marriage continued. For Eleanor a new path had opened, a possibility of standing apart from Franklin. No longer would she define herself solely in terms of his wants and needs. A new relationship was forged, but on terms wholly different from the old. She turned her energies to a variety of reformist organizations, joining a circle of post suffrage feminists dedicated to the abolition of child labor, the establishment of a minimum wage and the passage of legislation to protect workers. In the process she discovered that she had talents-for public speaking, for organizing, for articulating social problems. She formed an extraordinary constellation of lifelong female friends, who helped to ease the worry of an enduring sense of loneliness. When Franklin was paralyzed by polio in 1921, her political activism became an even more vital force. She became Franklin's eyes and ears, traveling the country gathering the grass-roots knowledge he needed to understand the people he governed. They made an exceptional team. She was more earnest, less devious, less patient, less fun, more compromisingly moral; he possessed the more trustworthy political talent, the more finely tuned sense of timing, the better feel for the citizenry, the smarter understanding of how to get things done. But they were linked by indissoluble bonds. Together they mobilized the American people to effect enduring changes in the political and social landscape of the nation. Dealing with programs in the South, she was stunned to find that blacks were being systematically discriminated against at every turn. Citing statistics to back up her story, she would interrupt her husband at any time, barging into his cocktail hour when he wanted only to

The 15 Best Books on Writing A Reading List for Novelists

The 15 Best Books on Writing A Reading List for Novelists The 15 Best Books on Writing: A Reading List for Novelists Okay, we know what you’re thinking: why compile a list of the best craft-based  books when most people these days learn exclusively from blogs, podcasts, and YouTube videos? Well, because we still think there’s something to be said for the long-form enjoyment and value of picking up a book and learning directly from an author - especially if you’re angling to become an author yourself. Indeed, both the technical wisdom and biographical experiences  of these writers can be hugely beneficial as you develop your own process.For this post, we asked an online community of writers to suggest some indispensable books about writing. With their answers in mind, here are 15 of the very best books on writing to help you hone your craft to perfection! 15 incredible books on writing to help you write YOUR dream book 📘🠏† 1. On Writing by Stephen KingPerhaps the most-cited book on this list, On Writing is part-memoir, part-masterclass from one of America’s leading authors. Come for the vivid accounts of his childhood - and his extended "lost weekend" of drinking and drugs in the 1980s. Stay for the specific, actionable advice on what it takes to become an author. Among the many craft-based tips are King’s expert takes on plot, story, character, and more, which he's used to pen countless novels and short stories.From the book: â€Å"Amateurs sit and wait for inspiration, the rest of us just get up and go to work.† Two Types of Writers: Plotters and Pantsers Read post 5. Take Off Your Pants by Libbie HawkerOf all the titles on this list, Take Off Your Pants has to be the most eye-catching. But rather than remarking on the joys of working from home, this title actually alludes to being a pantser: a writer who dives straight into their draft with little more than an idea. Hawker doesn’t dissuade writers from â€Å"pantsing,† but does note that structure tends to help, at least in her experience. This book details her process for planning a story, offering various tools and techniques for nailing your book before you start typing â€Å"once upon a time.†From the book: â€Å"When it comes to the eternal quandary of pantsing or plotting, you can keep a foot in each camp. But if your goals will require you to write with speed and confidence, an effective outline will be your best friend.† "Take Off Your Pants" by Libbie Hawker + 14 other essential books on writingðŸ‘â€" 6. Writing into the Dark by Dean Wesley SmithAnd for those who eschew structure altogether, we’ll refer you to this title from prolific science fiction author Dean Wesley Smith. Having authored a number of official Star Trek novels, he encourages writers to go boldly into the unknown, with an approach to writing books that doesn’t necessarily involve an elaborate plan.From the book: â€Å"Imagine if every novel you picked up had a detailed outline of the entire plot†¦ Would you read the novel after reading the outline? Chances are, no. What would be the point? You already know the journey the writer is going to take you on. So, as a writer, why do an outline and then have to spend all that time creating a book you already know?†7. Everybody Writes by Ann HandleyThe full title of this all-inclusive book on writing is actually Everybody Writes: Your Go-To Guide to Creating Ridiculously Good Content - which should tell you something about its universally encou raging nature. Not only does Handley have some great ideas on how to plan and produce a great story, she also provides tips on general content writing, which comes in handy when it’s time to market your book. And while the central message of Everybody Writes may be right there in the title, we can attest that its material will make you see writing in a whole new light.From the book: â€Å"In our world, many hold a notion that the ability to write, or write well, is a gift bestowed on a chosen few. That leaves us thinking there are two kinds of people: the writing haves - and the hapless, for whom writing well is a hopeless struggle, like trying to carve marble with a butter knife. But I don’t believe that, and neither should you.†8. How to Become a Successful Indie Author by Craig Martelle Be the architect of your story. (Image: Khara Woods on Unsplash)15. The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers by Christopher VoglerAnd finally we arrive not merely at prolific structure, but at mythic structure. Vogler’s book, originally published in 1992, is now a modern classic of writing advice; though intended as a screenwriting textbook, its contents apply to any story of mythic proportions. In The Writer’s Journey, Vogler takes a page (literally) from Joseph Campbell’s Hero of a Thousand Faces to ruminate upon the most essential narrative structures and character archetypes of the writing craft. So if you’re thinking of drawing up an epic fantasy series full of those tropes we all know and love, this guide should be right up your alley.From the book: â€Å"The Hero’s Journey is not an invention, but an observation. It is a recognition of a beautiful design†¦ It’s difficult to avoid the sensation that the Hero’s Jou rney exists somewhere, somehow, as an external reality, a Platonic ideal form, a divine model. From this model, infinite and highly varied copies can be produced, each resonating with the essential spirit of the form.†That’s all the recommendations we have for now - but we’re always looking for more! Tell us in the comments: what are your favorite books on writing, and why?

Final for HS 5900 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Final for HS 5900 - Essay Example Adult education curriculum and content varies from country to country, community to another and between contents, this is because the need for the education varies. Specifically, adult education varies in content like educating adults who have no high school diploma by imparting that level skills to earn a diploma. Some adults are illiterate in language (reading and writing) and basic math. It takes the initiative of the government and civil society to deliver education to those who are illiterate. During times of unemployment, employees can go through education sessions to keep them busy, when they are hired back, they have the skills to continue. There are those who need skills n a trade like welding, masonry, art, carpentry, technicians and community development. There could be adults with jobs and would wish to improve skills specific to the job to earn promotion or retention in case of downsizing. Historically, original forms of adult were aimed at enabling the adults to read an d write while doing bible studies after it was widely accepted to be read. During agrarian and industrial revolution, adult education was meant to equip the population with skills to work in farms, stores and factories. There are five philosophies in adult education; liberal, progressive, behavioral, humanistic and radical. The role of adult education in every situation will determine the category under which the philosophy will be characterized. For example, liberal is meant to impart principles and absolutes aimed at well-rounded perspective of the world lasting a lifetime. In progressive, learners gain problem-solving skills relating to their lives to provide practical skills out of the experience of the learner (Jarvis 111). Behavioral philosophy, as the name suggests, is to promote behavioral change and skill development with the education environment being structured. The learners have no input in the setting of the objectives, their role being to master every skill before mov ing to the next. Humanistic philosophy is meant to foster personal growth and development by involving the learner in knowledge construction and self development. The learner is motivated and directs the learning process. The last philosophy is radical where education is used as a means to bring about fundamental changes socially, economically, politically and culturally. It is meant to empower individuals to fight for change and raise awareness on issues of social justice to bring about a revolution. The learner here is a voluntary participant in the process with teachers holding equal status as them as they are merely facilitating support for the status quo challenge. In all these diversities, adult education has to remain as they are as they serve different roles for different individuals. It might be expensive for sponsors of the system, but the objective is far greater than the costs of not educating the adults. Religion would not have reached many as it is today and agrarian a nd industrial revolution would not have succeeded. Social change cannot be realized, and political autocracy will continue. Currently, there are dynamic changes in the global stage in information, economic shifts, technology, and politics. It is happening at farfetched locations, far from the control of any power referred to as globalization. The ambivalent impact it brings along poses a great challenge to

RECRUITING Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

RECRUITING - Research Paper Example The industry of recruitment has its basis on the objective of facilitating a candidate or job seeker for a reward. On one end of the continuum, there exist the recruitment agencies which find jobs for the candidates and get their reward only when the candidate that they deliver to the organization stays with it for a long time. The individual has to spend a certain probationary period with the client. The other end of the continuum comprises of certain recruitment agencies which are given a retainer who concentrates on, analyses the needs of the clients, and accomplish the targets and milestones that are set in terms of the search for the right candidate. These agencies are again rewarded with a certain percentage of the salary of candidate as soon as the individual is placed in the organization and works even after the period of probation ends. The recruitment industry of the present age is sufficiently competitive, and this is the reason that there are various ways that have been s ought out by the agencies that aim to distinguish themselves and provide value added services by concentrating on the diverse areas of recruitment life cycle. 4 The various job search engines and recruitment websites are utilized to collect the maximum number of potential candidates by posting the vacant advertisements of the vacant position across a broad geographic area. Though, it is supposed to be a cost effective option, yet, a department manager or human resource department will consume time in addition to their normal responsibilities in screening through the resumes. 5 Various organizations desire to develop in-house recruitment and branding strategy of employer instead of the proper recruitment firms. The technological factor, in the current era, has resulted in the emergence of meta-search engines which permit the people seeking jobs in different professionals, to browse through different

Films and Filming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Films and Filming - Essay Example On the other hand cinema is making the viewer believe that the train coming towards him is real, making the unreal look real. These two qualities of Cinema led to the division of cinema into documentaries and feature films. Of these the feature films or story telling films developed into the commercial cinema or the mainstream cinema. The revolt against the commercialization of the art of cinema led to the emergence of the experimental cinema. Side by side with these the documentary cinema existed as one of the greatest traditions of cinema. This paper examines Hollywood Cinema as a model of Commercial cinema or the main stream cinema. The French New wave film movement, with Jean Luc Godard and his film Breathless will be analyzed as an example for the experimental cinema. HOLLYWOOD: Hollywood, in Los Angeles, California is all about stars and glitter. The area now known as Hollywood was sparsely populated in the seventeenth century when the Spanish explorers entered there .Santa Mon ica Mountains towered over the area and in the canyons of these mountains lived the Native Americans. By 1870s the area was a flourishing agricultural area, with crops like hay and grain, bananas and pine apple. In 1910, film maker D.W. Griffith working for Biograph Company, came to Downtown Los Angeles, and with his acting troop to shoot films. Thus it was Griffith who shot the first ever movie in Hollywood, then without a studio. The film was called â€Å"In Old California†. It was a Biograph melodrama.

Credit Cards Versus Cash

Credit Cards Versus Cash This paper talks about consumers preference in purchasing products by cash or by credit cards. Credit cards have become important in consumers lives and have changed the way they perceive products. During the past few years various things have occurred which has made the world change drastically. Technology is being developed each day by producing different products which are making peoples lives much easier. So has the idea of purchasing products by credit cards. The 2000s was the moment where credit cards became popular and important to consumers (A Decade of Cards, 2000-2010 and beyond). Credit cards have become an alternative way to pay from the simplest products to the most important ones. The need to put all the payments in one simple card has been a huge benefit for consumers. This was proved when in 2010 cash fell behind debit cards, making debit cards consumers favorite way of paying for products for the first time in history (A Decade of Cards, 2000-2010 and beyond). Credit cards have become extremely important to consumers and the differences between paying with cash or with credit cards have been experimented by many people who have given real evidence to these two ways of purchasing products. Since 1970s there have been facts which people have supported that credit cards increase spending (Prelec Simester, 2000). As a payment mechanism the use of credit cards increases the tendency to spend more on products than cash does (Chatterjee Rose, 2011). When credit cards are more available consumers think mostly about the products benefits than the cost of the products. Conversely, when cash as a payment is more available consumers place more importance on the cost of the product than on the benefit of it (Chatterjee Rose, 2011). Many examples have given real evidence to the theory that people who use credit cards spend more. Examples such as restaurants earn more tips when consumers pay with cards, some consumers forget the amount of money they spend on various products, and they tend to buy more in every department store, are facts related to the evidence that people really do spend more when using credit cards (Prelec Simester, 2000). High calorie foods, mostly junk food are becoming more expensive everyday and this is not just because of the economic way to motivate consumers choice but also a psychological motivation that makes consumers choose high calorie foods with pleasure (Bagchi Block, 2011). So when the cost of a product is higher, such as paying with cash, if we increase the benefits of that product there will be less pain of the payment (Bagchi Block, 2011). There is a variation in the countries worldwide who are cardholders particularly differing from those countries that are more developed than the less developed countries (A Decade of Cards, 2000-2010 and beyond). Income is an influence on credit card holding to those countries that are more developed such as the south east and some places in the north west since these places have the biggest credit cards per adult (A Decade of Cards, 2000-2010 and beyond). Credit cards are mostly used in purchasing food where the percentage of spending with cards in this area has grown in the past three years to 36% (A Decade of Cards, 2000-2010 and beyond). In the UK cards have had a huge influence in charity because by using credit cards humanity is growing even more within people (A Decade of Cards, 2000-2010 and beyond). An example of this is some cards that are named with a charitys name; these companies make donation whenever the consumer uses his/her card or even when they open an account for the first time (A Decade of Cards, 2000-2010 and beyond). Another way of people being voluntarily helpful for charity is online giving where the charitable money are increasing year by year (A Decade of Cards, 2000-2010 and beyond). Nowadays consumers are using credit cards instead of cash in every purchase they are making. Their preference is mostly on credit and debit cards rather than cash or checks (Consumers prefer plastic to paper payment, 2004). In 2003 cards were used for 53 percent of purchases, while cash or checks were used for 47 percent (Consumers prefer plastic to paper payment, 2004). Companies dealing with credit cards are enhancing their usage by marketing new cards that perform like cash and dont acquire interest charges like credit cards do (Consumers prefer plastic to paper payment, 2004). Furthermore, companies are trying to make different industries offer their consumers the choice of paying with credit cards (Consumers prefer plastic to paper payment, 2004). Prior researches have figured out that when consumers make a decision about a product, credit cards encourage them to spend more than cash does. However, they have not yet discovered whether cash is an influence towards the choices of products (Bagchi Block, 2011). So the studies provide evidence that people consume more calories and impute higher costs when purchasing with cash rather than a credit card (Bagchi Block, 2011). Nevertheless, when consumers are grocery shopping they tend to purchase more food when using credit cards since the greater the prices of food, the greater the indulgent of the preferred food (Bagchi Block, 2011). The way consumers experience the payment of products strengthens the different ways they pay- cards or cash (Bagchi Block, 2011). As a result, consumers think of cash real money and spending cash is more important. The more real the loss of money such as cash payment, the greater is the pain of giving the money for a product. On the contrary, credit cards are more looked as less hurtful and are spent more easily because you dont see the money; sometimes they may even be treated as play money (Bagchi Block, 2011). Thus, imputed cost are greater when using cash because the great er the imputed cost of spending, the greater is the chance to choose high calorie food (Bagchi Block, 2011). The advantages of using credit cards is the ability of paying for a great period meaning that you can purchase as much as you want and pay later with no interest charge (Cohn, 2010). This lets your money stay in the bank and earn interest as well as making you more flexible with cash flow (Cohn, 2010). Credit cards also have reward programs which consumers are benefiting. For example, a financial planner Frank Remund used his visa signature card to purchase a product. While calculating what he had earned and what he had saved using discount coupons he stated that he paid only $380 for the product which is actually sold for $800 (Cohn, 2010). Moreover, by using his card he managed to increase his warranty period (Cohn, 2010). The other huge advantage of using credit cards is the security that they hold. By carrying big cash with you, there is more possibility for the money to be stolen from you. However, if your credit card is stolen your liability is restricted at $50 and if you have been a loyal customer to the bank, they will credit your account in no longer than a few days (Cohn, 2010). Moreover, if the product you purchased happened to have a problem or you simply arent satisfied with its quality, then if you have purchased it with your credit card there is more likelihood for you to return it than there would be if you had bought it by cash (Cohn, 2010). Nevertheless, except for the many advantages credit cards have there are also some disadvantages when using credit cards. One of the disadvantages of credit cards are high interest charges (Compare Credit Cards). Credit card companies usually charge high interest fees like 20% for the purchases that havent been paid in months (Compare Credit Cards). Another huge disadvantage for credit cards is the temptation to overspend. Many people have difficulties in managing their money so when they pay with credit cards they tend to overspend without thinking further. Because credit cards allow you to spend money and not pay them upfront, people get too excited and think just for that moment; so they tend to forget about paying them later on (Compare Credit Cards). Furthermore, it is more difficult to remember what you have purchased when buying with credit cards. So, if you have taken too long to pay for the purchase you might be surprised when the bank informs you for the amount of payment y ou have to make (Compare Credit Cards). Three experiments show consumers behavior towards credit cards and cash. Consumers primed with credit card as a payment mechanism make more recall errors with respect to cost-related aspects of the product than to bene ¬Ã‚ t aspects (study 1), identify more words related to bene ¬Ã‚ ts (study 2), and respond faster to bene ¬Ã‚ t-related words (study 3) than consumers primed with cash concepts (Chatterjee Rose, 2011). In the fourth experiment, we look thoroughly through the outcome of the payment prime to the choices of the products (Chatterjee Rose, 2011). Consumers using credit cards have more possibilities in looking at the products with greater benefits, whereas consumers using cash mostly choose the options that are ruled by cost even if there is less benefit of that particular product (Chatterjee Rose, 2011). Considering these four experiments, consumers distinguish the same products in different ways when choosing to use credit cards rather than cash (Chatterjee Ro se, 2011). Furthermore, credit cards increase the awareness of the benefits of products in that way persuading the reservation price and product valuation and also making consumers choose the options of products more attractively (Chatterjee Rose, 2011). For consumers, products have a different meaning when they are bought with credit cards and when they are bought with cash. Thus, the credit card premium is not due solely to differences in decoupling from pain of payment (i.e., reduced salience of costs) or to physical form, but in addition, the salience of product bene ¬Ã‚ ts is enhanced when thinking of paying with credit (Chatterjee Rose, 2011). If consumers goal is saving money, then the cost of the product becomes more important than the benefit the product carries. However, if the consumers goal is to purchase a product with high quality that is beneficial for the consumer, then the cost of the product will be less important thus becoming more psychologically relevant (C hatterjee Rose, 2011). In order to prove that people use more calories and impute higher costs when buying with cash relatively to credit cards, a study in a frozen yogurt retail store was experimented (Bagchi Block, 2011). 125 customers were recruited in a substitute of $1 discount of their next purchase and only the ones who bought a product for themselves were allowed to be a part of the survey (Bagchi Block, 2011). After customers ordered and purchased their products, the nutritional value of the products purchased by the customers were calculated and used as an evaluation of indulgence (Bagchi Block, 2011). In this study the customers were asked to tell about the price they paid for the products purchased, whether they thought it was expensive or not, and the method of payment (Bagchi Block, 2011). The results of the study showed how consumers that paid with cash did not pay more than those that paid with cards. However, consumers though that the imputed cost was much higher when buying with cash than credit card since their products seemed more expensive to them (Bagchi Block, 2011). This study explained how buying with cash feels more expensive and more hurtful than buying with credit card (Bagchi Block, 2011). Moreover, the costumers knew the method of payment before they purchased the products so this shows that customers were aware of the method they will use to pay for the products (Bagchi Block, 2011). Therefore, it is doubtful to state that the choice made for the food purchased had an affect on the method used for paying the product. After the study made with the yogurt retail, another study was conducted on a cafà © study for credit versus cash. In this study 147 students were taken and asked to tell their last time they purchased a product for $10 or less; and to choose a product from the restaurant that cost $10 or less (Bagchi Block, 2011). Further, the students were asked whether it was difficult to decide n their purchase and this was used for the study as a result of imputed cost (Bagchi Block, 2011). The results showed that consumers who paid with cash chose more calorie food than those who paid with card. Moreover, evidence showed that paying by cash created more indulgence than paying by card (Bagchi Block, 2011). Both study one and study two showed that theorizing is predicated on differences in pain of payment, or imputed costs associated with cash versus credit, rather than on the method of payment per se (Bagchi Block, 2011). There are other studies that show the willingness of consumers to purchase more products when using credit cards. In these studies two ways are mentioned in knowing whether the effect is relevant; only when the price of the product is uncertain or when the prices are known (Prelec Simester, 2000). The first study had to do with prices being uncertain. The experiment had to do with tickets for a sporting event where one ticket was for the game between Boston Celtics and Miami heat, whereas the other ticket was for the Red Sox and the Toronto Blue Jays (Prelec Simester, 2000). The people experimented were the MBA students. They were asked to enter a room and fill in their own sheet about the reservation values and then they would have the opportunity to win the tickets. Further on, the one that wrote the highest value would get the prize however the prize would be sold at a price identical to the second highest value (Prelec Simester, 2000). After that, two sheets were handed- cash condition sheet and credit card condition sheet (Prelec Simester, 2000). In the first sheet, it was required for the winners to make the payment with cash whereas in the second sheet the winners were asked to make the payments by credit cards. In the first sheet they were also asked whether they had access to cash machine and in the second sheet they were asked to tell the type of card they used and some information about the card (Prelec Simester, 2000). The result of this experiment showed that those who were asked to make the payment by credit card wrote down much higher values for the three tickets and the highest amount of money was for the Celtics tickets, whereas for the banners it was the smallest (Prelec Simester, 2000). In the second experiment, the prices are certain. This allows us to evaluate whether the credit card premium arises because customers adjust their valuations from different anchoring points in the cash and credit card conditions (Prelec Simester, 2000). For example, in the cash condition consumers might focus more on the amount of money they carry in their pockets. Whereas, in the credit card condition they focus on their credit limit or even their monthly bill (Prelec Simester, 2000). In the second study students of MBA were respondents and this time they had a chance to win a dinner certificate costing $175 (Prelec Simester, 2000). The steps for this price were to draw numbers randomly from zero to the price of the certificate and then choose a student randomly. Students were divided into groups depending on who will pay with cash and who with credit card (Prelec Simester, 2000). In this study the result was that there was no huge difference between credit card and cash conditions (Prelec Simester, 2000). Moreover, payment had a huge effect but only with those students who completed the credit card digits (Prelec Simester, 2000). Students who stated that they will pay with credit cards wrote down values 36% more than those who didnt (Prelec Simester, 2000). Therefore, the main effects of payment method and identification method were not significant (Prelec Simester, 2000). The information about the market price varied from the first study and the second one. This difference was taken for a reason to see whether credit card premium arose because consumers regulate their estimation of cash and cards in different circumstances (Prelec Simester, 2000). These two studies offer an idea as to the reason of the effect. They reveal the idea that consumers are more willing to pay with credit cards than they are with cash (Prelec Simester, 2000). The studies illustrate how credit cards make peoples decision much easier when purchasing a product. When people purchase with cash they find it difficult to buy expensive products since they can see their cash. However, with credit cards you dont get to see your cash, you just see a plastic card that sometimes makes you forget how much money you are spending. Moreover, through the studies we understood how consumers perceive products differently when purchasing with cash or with credit card. Those that purchase with cash are more likely to give more importance to the cost of the product than to the benefit and quality of the product. In contrary, those that pay with cards tend to give more importance to the benefits the product gives them than the cost of it (Chatterjee Rose, 2011). Further on, the willingness to pay grows when consumers pay with credit cards and this was shown in the two studies taken with the game tickets and the prize of certificate (Prelec Simester, 2000). How much consumers consume food with high calories was also examined with the methods of payment- credit and cash. Studies showed that those who purchase with cash consume more calorie food whereas those who purchase with credit cards consume less calorie food (Bagchi Block, 2011). When imputed costs are high, consumers indulge more. These imputed costs vary with the payment mode and also with how difficult it is to earn money. Thus, spending with cash (vs. credit) and spending cash that is more difficult to earn (rather than less difficult) result in more indulgent, high calorie food consumption (Bagchi Block, 2011). In the near future, technology will find its way in replacing credit cards by mobile phones since they will be the factor that will replace peoples wallets (A Decade of Cards, 2000-2010 and beyond). So, people will not have to carry their credit cards anymore since their mobile phones will have the ability to make a purchase either through credit or debit (A Decade of C ards, 2000-2010 and beyond). The research of credit cards versus cash help people understand the advantages and disadvantages each one has. Moreover, they explain how and why consumers behavior towards these two methods of purchasing changes when purchasing particular products. Further research should be conducted in order to see which one is better and safer to use. Research such as planning different surveys for consumers to answer their choice of the method of buying would be helpful in understanding consumers choice as well as reasons towards their decision. Furthermore, in order to research this further we should gather all the studies conducted and relate them with one another. In this way we will be able to understand more precisely the usage of credit cards versus cash by consumers. One last reason to research this further would be the development of technology. Since technology is changing rapidly, it will change the usage of cardholding. Therefore, research on future technology and how it will have an impact in the market area will be needed to be made. This way we get knowledge as to how things will change and whether it will be a positive or a negative thing for consumers to make purchasing decisions through their mobile phones.

The Truth About Platonic Friendships :: Platonic Love and Friendship

The researcher's qualitative research consisted of speaking with platonic friends of the opposite sex in casual random settings. The qualitative research was completely random using friends by chance that had no idea of the experiment. In doing so the researcher realizes that it is unethical, but figured it was the only way to find the real answers to his problem. During the conversation the researcher at one point or another came to ask the same four questions to all of the subjects involved in the experiment. The four questions were as follows: 1) we are strictly platonic friends, right? 2) Why are you my friend? 3) Have you ever wanted to be more than friends? 4) Is it a possibility for us to be more than friends? The "so called" platonic friends names will all remain confidential in order to keep their business private. To this point there have been ten random friends that have partaken in the qualitative study. In most of the studies the answers stayed consistent. To question number one all ten subjects agreed that "Yes we are platonic friends." For question number two, all sorts of answers were recorded. Most stayed along the line of conventional reasons for being a friend. Some mentioned reasons such as cute, funny, easy to talk to and popular. Three of the ten did however mention that they in fact didn't want to be friends when we first met. They stated they were looking for ore from the beginning it just didn't happen. Question number three an astonishing seven out of ten platonic friends noted they at one point of another did want to be ore than friends. One individual went as far as to say that they quit being my friend due to the fact that she found out that I was involved with another girl. In question four again another seven out of ten friends agreed that something more could become of our friendship. Two mentioned that they had hoped that it would have already happened. Most that replied yes to question number four either looked puzzled of asked if I was still involved with my girlfriend.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In one example for the researcher was left stunned. For privacy sake we will call the subject by the fake name of molly. In the platonic informal interview with Molly the researchers exact problem was proven just the way predicted.

Drug Related Problems

Drug related problem Drug related problems (DRPs) are prevalent and causing considerable patient morbidity and mortality. Many of these DRPs are preventable through following the guidelines and rational drug used. There are many factors controlling the DRP occurrence such as patient age, disease status, drug characteristics, etc. High risk factors 1. Elderly (> 65 years); due to age related changes in pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics 2. Acute diseases such as acute renal failure, sepsis, etc†¦ 3.Patients with many chronic diseases; diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, liver problem, AIDS, etc†¦ 4. Patients with renal impairment or haemodialysis 5. Patients in special situations; pregnancy, lactation, 6. Certain diseases and their medications: cancer, diabetes, heart failure. 7. Polypharmacy (taken many drugs > 5 drugs) 8. Drug; certain drug classes are commonly involved e. g. Warfarin, insulin, digoxin, TCAs, etc†¦ Classification of drug-related problems 1. Inappropriate drug choice: Unjustified deviation from management guidelines consensus therapeutic can worsen the condition.Deviations that are based on the patient’s individual treatment goal and risk factors are not considered to be DRPs (e. g. Antibiotic used for viral infection. Furosemide prescribed for patient with hypokalemia). 2. Lack of necessary drug: Either one or more drugs are missing according to established guidelines or a medical problem is being treated with too little of the appropriate drug (under-prescribed) or appropriate drugs may be not used for maximum effectiveness. Moreover, duration of treatment may be too short which can lead to incomplete treatment.Deviations from guidelines that are based on the patient’s individual treatment goals and risk factors are not considered to be DRPs (e. g. B-blockers in heart failure or post-MI, stop diuretic before edema treated or loop diuretic used only for resistant edema). 3. Unnecessary drug and Duplicati on: A drug is unnecessary if the indication is no longer present, with continuation/prolonged use or double prescription of two or more drugs from the same therapeutic group or gives the same result. This intensifies their therapeutic effect and side effects.Duplication also can occur when more than one physician prescribes medications to a single patient or when a patient takes over-the-counter drugs with the same active ingredient (e. g. Long-term antibiotic prescribed for simple infection. Used of Ibuprofen and diclofenac concomitantly. 4. Incomplete medication history taking: Inappropriate integration of patient’s medical history can lead to many interactions due to lack of patient’s information such as hypersensitivity â€Å"medication allergy†, other diseases, OTC or herbal and medication used (e. g.Patient has allergy to penicillin). 5. Inappropriate dose or regimen: Dosing too high (overdose) or too low dose. Suboptimal dosing (including dosing time and formulation) according to established national/international guidelines, including frequency of dosing or duration of therapy. Deviations that are based on the patient’s individual treatment goal and risk factors are not considered to be DRPs (e. g. too high ACE inhibitor dose prescribed in relation to kidney function. Too low paracetamol dose use in relation to symptom-giving arthritis). . Adverse drug reaction (ADR): Any noxious, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug, which occurs at doses in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy (e. g. orthostatic hypotension happens with blood pressure lowering drug or intolerance dry cough due to ACE inhibitor). 7. Interaction: Drug–drug interaction, drug-food interaction, drug-disease interaction, drug-herbal, etc†¦ An interaction is occurring when the effect of a drug is changed by the presence of another drug, food, drink, herbal or some environmental chemical agent.Drug combinations with intended overall effe ct are not considered to be DRP (e. g. Drug–drug interaction; Furosemide and digitalis (increased effect/toxicity of digitalis with hypokalemia). Drug-food interaction; Amiodarone and Grapefruit, Grapefruit and Simvastatin (increase drug serum concentrations), or Tetracycline and calcium. Drug-disease interaction; used NSAIDs in chronic renal impairment). 8. Discontinuation of needed medication: Some times discontinuation of medication without reasonable medical indication can lead to therapeutic failure or a problem in treatment plan.In addition, stop some medications before controlling the disease or have good monitoring method can lead to failure in treatment plan (e. g. discontinue antibiotic before finishing its therapeutic course or stop Heparin injection before or just on start of Warfarin). 9. Contraindication: the used of some drugs are prohibited for some patients because to harmful risks of using these drugs are exceeding the benefits of their effect (e. g. ACE inh ibitor uses in treating high blood pressure in a pregnant lady or using sulfa-drug in G6PD deficiency patients). 10.Abrupt stoppage medication: for certain medications, abrupt stopping can exacerbate the problem or lead to complications related to drug. The stopping process should be gradually (e. g. abruptly stopping B-blocker in MI patients or stopping Corticosteroid suddenly). 11. Untreated medical conditions: can lead to worsening of the disease or may lead to more serious problems (e. g. untreated dyslipidemia in patients with other risk factors). 12. Lack of necessary monitoring: Monitoring with respect to effects and toxicity of drugs is not done or does not adhere to guidelines (e. . INR for Warfarin. Thyroid function tests in patients taking levothyroxine 13. Others: In general, DRPs that do not belong to aforementioned categories. References 1. Bemt P and Egberts A (2007) Drug-related problems: definitions and classification. Journal of European Association of hospital Pha rmacists (EAHP), 13, pp 62-64. 1. Lee S, Schwemm A, Reist J, Cantrell M, Andreski M, Doucette W, Chrischilles E and Farris K (2009) Pharmacists’ and pharmacy students’ ability to identify drug-related problems using TIMER (tool to improve medications in the elderly via review).American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 73, 3, pp 52-62 2. PCNE Classification for drug related problems (2006) Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Foundation. Available from World Wide Web: http://www. pcne. org/dokumenter/DRP/PCNE %20classification%20V5. 01. pdf 2. Ruscin M (2009) Drug-Related Problems in the Elderly. Merck, Available from World Wide Web: http://www. merck. com/mmpe/sec23/ch341/ch341e. html 3. Ruths S, Viktil KK, Blix HS. Classification of drug-related problems. Tidsskr Nor Leageforen 2007; 127: 3073–6 Prescription Auditing SheetPatients Name Age: years Drug related problem: |Inappropriate drug choice |Lack of necessary drug | |Unnecessary drug and Duplication |Inco mplete medication history taking | |5. Inappropriate dose or regimen |6. Adverse drug reaction | |7. Interaction |8.Discontinuation of needed medication | |9. Contraindication |10. Abrupt stoppage medication | |11. Untreated medical condition |12. Lack of necessary monitoring | |13. Others | | Specification of the problem (and intervention if any): )†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ( )†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ( )†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ( )†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ( )†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Patient Resume Age: Sex: Drug Allergies: Medical History – – – – – – – Medication History – – – – – Laboratory Data base

Social Capital Contribution to Democratic Renewal

Social Capital Contribution to Democratic Renewal Introduction Faith and leadership in the inner city: How social capital contributes to democratic renewal by Mark R. Warren is an article under discussion. The author speaks about social capital, faith communities and the contribution to democratic renewal.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Social Capital Contribution to Democratic Renewal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article speaks about social capital and its participation in democratic opinion, about religious communities in the Texas Industrial Areas Foundation network, about Mexican-American catholic communities, African American Protestant congregations and about some limitations to the Industrial Areas Foundation approach. The main idea of the article is that different religious communities and organizations play important role in the political life of the USA. Much attention is paid to Industrial Areas Foundation and its role in political impac t in the society. Social Capital and Its Participation in Democratic Opinion Much research has been conducted in the sphere of the impact of religious organizations and political life in the country. The author of the article states that impact of religious organization on human consciousness is great due to the particular specifics of the religious organizations. â€Å"Social capital underpins democracy because it provides the relationships of trust and habits of cooperation for citizens to work together to solve common problems† (Warren 51). At the same time all religious organizations are based on trust and habit of cooperation, the main idea of each religious structure is to believe and to help. Therefore, the connection is inevitable. Different religious structures help poor and low-income people acquire some particular skills that adds to the social capital. Thus, the opportunity to get trained in different workshop professions is significant for many people who do not have chances to be professionally taught (Nemeth and Luidens 264). Thus, it may be concluded that the author of the article is sure that social capital, religious structures and democratic opinion of the citizens are closely interconnected by means of trust and habit of cooperation. Religious Communities in the Texas Industrial Areas Foundation Network Industrial Areas Foundation is a national network of faith-based community organizations. There are a lot of such faith communities in Texas which are aimed at engaging political action for community development. The strategy of â€Å"relational organizing† (Warren 52) is used.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main idea of this strategy is to create a discussion group which deals with the problems and necessities of the community. Thus, being offered help and assistance from Industrial Areas Foundat ion, religious communities are ready to assist the network with motivating others in being politically conscious. The authors stresses on high number of Hispanic Catholic parishes which impact the raise of Hispanic population in the state. Trying to recruit as many communities as possible the Industrial Areas Foundation searches for connections with all churches which exist in the area. As it has already been mentioned Mexican-American communities are the most numerous. The difficulty exists with African American communities which have another direction in religion opinion and different traditions. It created complications for Industrial Areas Foundation with recruiting the members of this community. Still, the work continues. For better understanding of the scope of work for the Industrial Areas Foundation the Mexican-American and African American religious communities should be considered in detail. Mexican-American Catholic Communities The teaching of this community adds greatly to the political awareness of the Industrial Areas Foundation. Mexican-American communities teach their members to deal with each other, to help and base relationships on reciprocal duties and responsibilities. While some members of the Industrial Areas Foundation tries to convince priests that political action is one of the best ways for building a strong and supportive community, other, non-partisan employees of the Industrial Areas Foundation make all possible to represent the results of the political actions an attractive issue (Warren 59). One of the main reasons why Hispanic communities are attracted with the offers of Industrial Areas Foundation and support them in intruding politically correct opinion in the society is that the Foundation is ready to assist in leadership and helping the priest leaders to organize their work inside the community. Leadership is an important facility which maybe helpful for priest and they are ready to do all possible to lead their community to the God. African American Protestant Congregations The situation with African American communities is different due to the specific background of faith which lies in the heart of their religion. The whole religion is based on the principle of freedom. This gives additional points to the democratization of the society as even though the community does not set such purposes.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Social Capital Contribution to Democratic Renewal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It should also be stated that African American communities have rich experience in political issues as they have been the leading organizations in the political movement directed at releasing the community from slavery (Wilmore 260). The main problem of work between Industrial Areas Foundation and African American communities is that the latter are directed primarily on the racial justice while Industrial Areas Foundation wa nts to pay more attention to the community-building (Warren 63). Thus, the proclamations of the African religious communities bear another nature, different from the desired. But this assistance is also valued and appreciated as the activities of the Industrial Areas Foundation are not limited to one specific idea and the desire to be free is one of the convictions of the African American community. Some Limitations to the Industrial Areas Foundation approach Industrial Areas Foundation is one of the few organizations which has managed to organize the leaders of the community and to encourage them for proclaiming democratic speeches among their members. Nevertheless, there are a number of limitations which should be considered with the purpose to understand what should be done to reduce those limitations. Being directed at low-income and middle-class workers, Industrial Areas Foundation does not impacts the poorest layers of the population, but it is a greatest niche to work with. T he greatest part of the Hispanic population is poor (Warren 64). According to the research, poor people are less likely to attend churches, so they are not impacted by the community (Coleman 40). Furthermore, the political impact of black communities is not that broad as people may seem. Being directed at the freedom of the whole community, African-American communities are still participate in the political life of the society, but their impact on democratization renewal is too little. Conclusion Therefore, it may be concluded that e problem of democratization renewal in the society is solved mostly by means of the inclusion of the religion communities which work with low-income people and help those understand the impotence of being politically active and support democratization of the society. The activities of the Industrial Areas Foundation should be supported, and faith and cooperation which is declared by the religion communities is one of the main helper in delivering the mes sage of democratization to the whole society. Coleman, John A. â€Å"Religious social capital: Its nature, social location, and limits.† Religion as social capital: producing the common good. Ed. Corwin E. Smidt. Waco: Baylor University Press, 2003. 33-48. Print.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nemeth, Roger J. and Donald A. Luidens. â€Å"The religious basis of charitable giving in America: A social capital perspective.† Religion as social capital: producing the common good. Ed. Corwin E. Smidt. Waco: Baylor University Press, 2003. 107-120. Print. Warren, Mark R. â€Å"Faith and leadership in the inner city: How social capital contributes to democratic renewal.† Religion as social capital: producing the common good. Ed. Corwin E. Smidt. Waco: Baylor University Press, 2003. Wilmore, Gayraud S. â€Å"Survival, elevation, and liberation in black community.† Black religion and Black radicalism: an interpretation of the religious history of African Americans. Ed. Gayraud S. Wilmore. New York: Orbis Books, 1998. 253-282. Print.

Free Essays on Down At The Dinghy

Down at the Dinghy In my opinion, â€Å"Down at the Dinghy† was by far J.D. Salinger’s best short story included in the novel, Nine Stories. This story is about a Jewish family from New York. They are on vacation at a nice, quaint, little lake. The tale evolves around a mother and her son. The son always attempts to run away and the mother simply cannot comprehend why he does such a thing. The relationship between the two is very, very weak. Until one day when the son is on his father’s boat, the mother approaches him. He is fascinated by the fact that her key chain holds ten keys, far more than his father. She first pretends to throw them into the lake, and then gives them to him. He takes them, and then throws them into the lake. They walk back together and live happily ever after. At first, this short story confused me to a certain extent. I couldn’t understand why it just ended like that. It didn’t really give any sort of closure and it left me hanging to believe where the duo went from there. I wasn’t sure what made this drastic change in emotion between the two. Then, it hit me. The moral of this story is through all the darkness, enlightenment always emerges. The two had a very poor relationship, until one day, through an event so small such as this, the boy realized that his mother really did care about him. They came to grips with each other, just like every mother/son combination should. The mother tried so hard to get things to work out between the two, and it completely surprised me that an incident so small could bring out so much good. And thus emerges my opinion that this work of Salinger, was the best in the book.... Free Essays on Down At The Dinghy Free Essays on Down At The Dinghy Down at the Dinghy In my opinion, â€Å"Down at the Dinghy† was by far J.D. Salinger’s best short story included in the novel, Nine Stories. This story is about a Jewish family from New York. They are on vacation at a nice, quaint, little lake. The tale evolves around a mother and her son. The son always attempts to run away and the mother simply cannot comprehend why he does such a thing. The relationship between the two is very, very weak. Until one day when the son is on his father’s boat, the mother approaches him. He is fascinated by the fact that her key chain holds ten keys, far more than his father. She first pretends to throw them into the lake, and then gives them to him. He takes them, and then throws them into the lake. They walk back together and live happily ever after. At first, this short story confused me to a certain extent. I couldn’t understand why it just ended like that. It didn’t really give any sort of closure and it left me hanging to believe where the duo went from there. I wasn’t sure what made this drastic change in emotion between the two. Then, it hit me. The moral of this story is through all the darkness, enlightenment always emerges. The two had a very poor relationship, until one day, through an event so small such as this, the boy realized that his mother really did care about him. They came to grips with each other, just like every mother/son combination should. The mother tried so hard to get things to work out between the two, and it completely surprised me that an incident so small could bring out so much good. And thus emerges my opinion that this work of Salinger, was the best in the book....

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CREATING A BUSINESS EMAIL - Essay Example tment has brought to our attention that some employees either knowingly or unknowingly have installed wireless networks on the main company’s network. Whereas the company has made concerted efforts to provide wireless networks for workers, use of hot spot networks on mobile phones within our network qualifies as rogue access points. Additionally, some have gone to the extent of using Modem supported networks on office computers. However, the most risky rogue access points are made when employees try to connect their personal cell phones or laptops to other Wi-Fi supplied by unknown Wi-Fi vendors. These unsecure networks become access points in which intruders can access the main company’s network. Let us kindly remember that the effects of rogue access points on our company are detrimental. Secure networks in any business ensure that important business information does not leak to malicious people. Additionally, secure networks ensure that information systems within the business remain secure from manipulation. However, the most fateful event would happen when our business secrets leak to our business rivals. Certainly, such information may be used against us hence compromising the success of our business. As stipulated in the employment policy and regulation document, it is unlawful for any employee to act in a way that compromises the success of the company. Therefore, all employees are reminded that setting up of rogue access points using personal mobile phones as hot spots or tethering devices while working within the company’s internet is therefore unlawful. Setting up of networks using Modems is also unlawful. More often, the effects of such actions may cost us heavily hence compromising the source of income for all employees. Let us remark that honesty is one of the core pillars of our corporate culture and our success so far has only been possible through honesty and integrity that you have displayed so far. More important is the need to remember

Mine kafon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mine kafon - Essay Example The mine detector has three major parts; the nucleus where the GPS tracking chip and all the other parts of Mine Kafon are attached. The legs are made using strong bamboo sticks and at the base the feet are attached. The feet are made using biodegradable plastic material and are designed to be heavy enough to tramp on landmines and also light enough to get the propulsion. The core of Mine Kafon is made using 17 kilogram iron casing, and is surrounded by several protruding bamboo legs. The core carries a GPS tracking unit equipped with a GPS chip used for tracking the mine detector. The GPS chip can be remotely controlled using mobile applications and hence a GPS map can be drawn to trace the path of minefields. The GPS data can be downloaded in real-time or accessed online. The data can be used to map the areas that have been cleared of landmines by the device. The legs act as the locomotion unit of Mine Kafon. The legs are made using strong bamboo sticks which are around one meter in length. The legs are attached to the core and act as a link between the feet and the core. The tip of the bamboo is slightly reduced to allow a perfect fit with the foot. The choice of material was made after considering the strength characteristics of bamboo and the weight properties. The feet also add weight to the mine detector, and are spaced in a manner that will enable air to blow through the inside of the feet, therefore enabling propulsion. With each detonation, Mine Kafon loses a few legs, like one or two and therefore under normal working conditions, the device will be able to destroy three or four landmines in a single journey. The feet form the most important part of Mine Kafon. It provides the suspension mechanism that enables the device to roll over rough terrain. The entire weight of the landmine detonator is about eighty kilograms, heavy enough to detonate a landmine. The foot is